Database Insights

A repeatable, top-down method for tuning PostgreSQL: measure with pg_stat_statements, read plans with EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS), fix queries and indexes before parameters, then tune memory, I/O, WAL, connection pooling, and autovacuum — with a ready-to-adapt postgresql.conf baseline.

Walk through PostgreSQL's multi-process architecture, shared/local memory layout, page-organized storage, MVCC tuple versioning, the WAL write path, the query execution pipeline, and physical + logical replication — all with ASCII flow diagrams that show how data and control actually move through the system.

PostgreSQL 13 will officially reach end of life on November 13, 2025. After this date, the PostgreSQL Global Development Group will stop releasing security patc

Comprehensive PostgreSQL guide covering MVCC, extensions, partitioning, logical replication, and performance tuning. Learn why PostgreSQL powers modern applications.

Use PostgreSQL range types (daterange, tstzrange) and exclusion constraints to prevent overlapping bookings and schedules. Includes room booking, multirange types, and GiST index examples.

Configure pgAudit for PostgreSQL SOC2, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA compliance. Covers session vs object auditing, log format, log volume management, and SIEM integration.

Migrate from MySQL to PostgreSQL using pgLoader. Covers schema differences, type casting, application code changes, validation, and zero-downtime migration strategies.

Migrate Oracle to PostgreSQL using ora2pg. Covers NUMBER→NUMERIC, DATE gotchas, PL/SQL→PL/pgSQL conversion, sequences, DUAL, NULL handling, and validation steps.

PostgreSQL WAL retention is a balancing act — too little and standbys fall behind; too much and you risk disk exhaustion. Here's how to configure wal_keep_size and manage replication slots safely.

Configure pgBouncer correctly for your PostgreSQL workload. Compare transaction vs session pooling, size your pool correctly, and monitor pool health in production.

Master PostgreSQL EXPLAIN ANALYZE output: understand node types, cost estimates, actual vs estimated rows, and identify the root cause of slow queries.

Build selective, cross-version PostgreSQL replication with logical replication. Learn publications, subscriptions, conflict handling, and real-world use cases.